History

• Clovis Man inhabited the Blackwater area north of Portales until 11,000 years ago.^[a]
• 1909; City of Portales is formally established. Its first Mayor is Washington Ellsworth Lindsey.^[b]
• 1927; The New Mexico legislature approved the construction and staffing of a normal school in eastern New Mexico. Eastern New Mexico University opened in 1934.^[c]
• 1942; Cannon Air Force Base opens.^[d]

References

1. ^ Wikipedia - Portales, New Mexico   [Online] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portales,_NM
2. ^ Wikipedia - Portales, New Mexico   [Online] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portales,_NM
3. ^ Wikipedia - Eastern New Mexico University   [Online] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_New_Mexico_University
4. ^ Wikipedia - Cannon Air Force Base   [Online] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannon_Air_Force_Base


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State History





Ancient times ^[3]




I am still doing research on this history of the state.




 



• 9200 BC Clovis Man inhabited the Blackwater area north of Portales until 11,000 years ago.^[1]
• 9000 BC and 8000 BC; Folsom Tradition was a Paleo-Indian culture that is characterised by use of Folsom points as projectile tips and activities known from kill sites where slaughter and butchering of bison took place and Folsom tools were left behind.^[2]
• 7000 BC to 1500 BC; known as the Early Basketmaker Era is characterized by many different cultures that used baskets to gather and store food.
• 6000 BC to 2000 BC; Desert Culture I - These early people hunted small game; gathered seeds, nuts, and berries.
• 2000 BC to 500 BC; Desert Culture II - These early people developed gardening skills, made baskets, and milling stones.
• 1500 BC; Corn arrives from Mexico, agriculture begins.
• 1500 BC - 50 AD; known as the Early Basketmaker II Era and arises with the cultivation of maize.
• 300 BC to 1150 AD; The Mogollon culture farmed crops, made pottery, and lived in pit house villages.
• 1 AD to 500 AD; The Anasazi used the Atlatl (spear thrower), gathered food, and made fine baskets. They lived in a range of structures, including pit houses, cliff dwellings, and pueblos, designed so that they could lift entry ladders during enemy attacks, which provided security.
• 50 AD to 500 AD; Called the Late Basketmaker II Era. The people of this culture were proficient basket makers and weavers, the lived in pit-houses, and raised maize and squash. In addition to the food they cultivated, they also hunted game and gathered wild foods, such as pinyon nuts.
• 700 to 1050 AD; Developmental Pueblo - This was the first period in which Ancient Pueblo People began living in pueblo structures. They began an evolution in architecture, artistic expression, and water conservation.
• 900 AD to 1150 AD; Chaco Canyon is a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo People.
• 1050 AD to 1300 AD; Is the era of the Great Pueblo´s in northwestern New Mexico. This culture is charecterized by the builting of mulitstories pueblo, the use of irrigation, and a laid out road system.
• 1200 AD to 1500 AD; Pueblo Indians established villages along the Rio Grande and its tributaries.
• 1300 AD to 1600 AD; Rio Grande Classic - During this period, many of the sites in northwestern New Mexico are abandoned and the people migrated to new areas of settlement. They also changed their building and pottery style.





 


1500 - 1700


 



• 1519; First horses brought to the New World
• 1536; Cabeza de Vaca, Estevan the Moor, and others began rumors of the Seven Cities of Cibola Gold
• 1536; Spanish conquistador Cabeza de Vaca reaches Culiacdn, Mexico
• 1540; Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, while searching for that gold, discovered the Grand Canyon
• 1580; Fray Augustin Rodriguez and Captain Francisco Sanchez Chamuscado travel up the Rio Grande
• 1582; Fray Bernadino Beltran and Fray Antonio de Espejo travel to New Mexico
• 1598; Juan de Onate established San Juan de los Caballeros as the capital
• 1599; Battle at Aroma between Pueblo natives and Spaniards
• 1600; San Gabriel founded as the second capital
• 1601; Colonists deserted San Gabriel
• 1605; Juan de Onate 1595-1628 leads expedition to the Colorado River
• 1609; Governor Pedro de Peralta established new capital at Santa Fe
• 1626; Spanish Inquisition established
• 1641; Governor Luis de Rosas assassinated
• 1680; Pueblo Indians forced colonists and Spaniards to retreat to Mexico
• 1680; Pueblo Indian Revolt lead by Pope, a Pueblo Indian from the San Juan Pueblo
• 1692; Don Diego de Vargas leads the re-conquest of New Mexico

 


1700 - 1899


 



• 1706; Villa de Albuquerque founded
• 1743; French trappers reached Santa Fe
• 1776; Franciscan Fathers Francisco Atanasio Dominguez and Silvestre Velez de Escalante explore route from out New Mexico to California.
• 1786; Juan Bautista de Anza ( 1736- 1788) makes peace with the Comanche’s.
• 1807; Zebulon Pike led first Anglo-American expedition to New Mexico
• 1821; Mexico declared independence from Spain; Santa Fe Trail opened
• 1821; Willian Bechnell reaches Santa Fe, opening trade on the Santa Fe Trail
• 1828; Gold discovered in Ortiz Mountains
• 1837, August 8; Governor Albino Perez and top officials assassinated in revolt against Mexican taxation
• 1841; Texans invade New Mexico and claim all land east of the Rio Grande
• 1846, April; The Mexican-American War ignited as a result of disputes over claims to Texas boundaries. The outcome of the war fixed Texas' southern boundary at the Rio Grande River. Stephen Watts Kearny annexed New Mexico to U.S.
• 1848, February 2; The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed. The treaty established the U.S.-Mexican border of the Rio Grande River, and ceded to the United States the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, most of Arizona and Colorado, and parts of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming. In return, Mexico received US $18,250,000 ($461,725,000 [2011])—less than half the amount the U.S. had attempted to offer Mexico for the land before the opening of hostilities—and the U.S. agreed to assume $3.25-million ($82,225,000 [2011]) in debts that the Mexican government owed to U.S. citizens.
• 1850; New Mexico (which included present-day Arizona, southern Colorado, southern Utah, and southern Nevada) is designated a territory but denied statehood
• 1853; Jean Baptiste Lamy becomes the first archbishop of Santa Fe
• 1854, April 25; Gadsden Purchase added 45,000 square miles to territory
• 1861 - 1865 American Civil War. [More Information]
• 1861, January 10: First Shot of the Civil War fired at the Union Ship "Star of the West" as it attempted to reinforce Major Anderson at Fort Sumter.
• 1861, February 18: Jefferson Davis becomes the President of the Confederate States of America.
• 1861, March 4: Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated as the 16th President of the United States.
• 1861, April 9: The Confederate cabinet at a meeting in Montgomery, AL, decides to open fire on Ft. Sumter. President Jefferson Davis orders General P. T. Beauregard to "reduce" Fort Sumter.
• 1861, April 12: Bombardment of Fort Sumter begins at 4:30 A.M. The bombardment lasts 33 hours and the Confederates fire 3,000 shells. No one on either side is killed and only one injured at Fort Sumter. Edmund Ruffin is credited with the first shot. Captain James fired the signal shell from a ten inch mortar on Johnson's Island but the first gun from the iron clad battery on Morris Island is generally considered the first shot. Roger A. Pryor declined the honor of firing the signal shell. Ruffin later wraps himself in the Confederate Flag and commits suicide.
• 1861, April 13: Fort Sumter surrenders at 2:30 PM on Saturday. Major Robert Anderson is allowed to fire a 100 gun salute to the United States Flag but only 50 guns are fired. One of the guns explodes and Private Daniel Hough is killed and five are injured. Some authors say two were killed. Perhaps one died of wounds.
• 1861, April 15: Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers for three months service.
  
• 1861: Construction begins on the Confederate submarine, H.L. Hunley in Mobile, Alabama. For more information; visit the Online Library; SHIPS of the CONFEDERATE STATES, Submarine H.L. Hunley (1863-1864).
• 1862, March 26 – 28; The Civil War Battle of Glorieta is fought near Santa Fe; the Union wins
• 1862, June 16: In early June Major General David Hunter transports Horatio G. Wright's and Isaac I. Stevens's Union divisions under immediate direction of Brigadier General Henry Benham to James Island where they entrenched at Grimball's Landing near the southern flank of the Confederate defenses around Charleston, SC. Without orders, Benham launched an unsuccessful frontal assault against Fort Lamar at Secessionville.
• 1862, September 22: President Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation declaring the freedom of all slaves in any state of the Confederate States of America that did not return to Union control by January 1, 1863.
• 1863, July 1-3: Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
• 1863, July 13-16: Draft Riots in New York City.
• 1863, August 12: the Hunley arrived by train in Charleston.
• 1863, September 19 - 20: Confederate Victory at the Battle of Chickamauga, GA. The battle is the most significant Union defeat in the Western Theater of the American Civil War.
• 1863, November 15: William T. Sherman arrives in Chattanooga, TN.
• 1863, November 19: President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
• 1865, April 8: General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Station, VA.
• 1865, April 14: Lincoln shot by John Wilks Booth at Fords Theater on Good Friday.
• 1865, April 14: General Robert Anderson raises the same flag over Fort Sumter that he lowered 4 years before.
• 1865 May 26: Civil War ends; when General Kirby Smith surrendered Confederate forces west of the Mississippi River.
• 1863, February 24; New Mexico is partitioned. Territory of Arizona and Colorado are created
• 1863-1864; The Long Walk - Navajos and Apaches relocated to Bosque Redondo
• 1865, December 6; The Abolishment of Slavery. The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is ratified, thus officially abolishing slavery.
• 1868; Navajos and Apaches return to homelands
• 1871; William H. Bonney, aka Billy the Kid ( 1859-1881) kills his first man with a knife in Silver City at the age of 12 years old
• 1878; Railroad arrived
• 1881; Billy the Kid shot
• 1886; Apache chief Geronimo and his followers surrender to General Nelson A. Miles, thus ending Indian hostilities cease in the Southwest
• 1896; Plessy v. Ferguson decision by U.S. Supreme Court establishes "separate but equal" doctrine in racial policy.
• 1898; Thomas Alva Edison produced first motion picture in New Mexico. The film was a black and white silent documentary of Indian children attending school Titled "Indian Day School."
[http://www.newmexicohistory.org/filedetails.php?fileID=324]
• 1898, February 15; The USS Maine (ACR-1) exploded and sinks in Havana Harbor, Cuba.
• 1898; Spanish-American War.

 


1900 - 2009


 



• 1910 New Mexico Constitution drafted
• 1912, February 14; New Mexico became 47th state
• 1915; Popular silent Western movies starring Tom Mix are shot in northern New Mexico
• 1916; Francisco "Pancho" Villa attacked Columbus, New Mexico
• 1914 - 1920 The First World War. [More Information]
• 1917; Fort Jackson, SC, the nation's largest U.S. Army training facility, established to prepare soldiers for World War I.
• 1917, February 3: US severs diplomatic ties with Germany.
• 1917, April 6: The US declares war on Germany.
• 1918, March 3: Russia and Germany sign an armistice at Brest-Litovsk.
• 1918, May 28: US forces make their first offensive, at Cantigny, France.
• 1918, November 11: Armistice Day. At the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, Germany signs an armistice with the Allies. The war is officially over. More than 8.5 million have been killed and over twice as many wounded from across the globe. New technology has been created, America has risen to prominence as an economic power and new countries are forming in Europe and the Middle East.
• 1918 to 1946; The battleship USS New Mexico (BB-40) was commissioned on April 13, 1917. She was was extensively modernized between 1931 and 1933 and saw service during World War II both in the Atlantic and Pacific theatres. She was decommissioned on July 16, 1946 and sold on November 9, 1947 and broken up for scrap in Newark, NJ. -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_New_Mexico_(BB-40)
• Laid down: 14 October 1915
• Displacement: 32,000 tons
• Length: 624 ft
• Speed: 21 kn (24 mph)
• Armament:
• 12 × 14 in (360 mm)/50 cal guns
• 14 × 5 in (130 mm)/51 cal guns
• 2 × 21 in (530 mm) torpedo tubes
• Launched: 13 April 1917
• Commissioned: 20 May 1918
• Decommissioned: 19 July 1946
• 1920, August 18; Women win the right to vote when the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified by Tennessee.
• 1922; Oil discovered on Navajo Reservation
• 1929 - 1940; The Great Depression and New Deal.
• The beginning of the Great Depression in the United States is associated with the stock market crash on October 29, 1929, known as Black Tuesday. The depression had devastating effects in both the industrialized countries and those which exported raw materials.
• 1933; The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is created as part of the The New Deal to develop resources of poor Appalachian South, including large parts of north Alabama.
• The New Deal is the title President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave to a sequence of programs and promises he initiated between 1933 and 1938 with the goal of giving relief, reform and recovery to the people and economy of the United States during the Great Depression.
• 1931, September 18, Japan invades Manchuria.
• 1939 - 1945 World War II. [More Information]
• Axis powers (Germany, Italy, Japan, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria) versus Allies (U.S., Britain, France, USSR, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, Yugoslavia).
• 1939: Germany invades Poland.


• 1941, December 7: Japan attacks Pearl Harbor.
• 1942, April: American and Filipino prisoners of war are forced to endure World War II Bataan Death March in the Philippines.
• 1943; Scientists begin building the first atomic bomb at the secret city of Los Alamos
• 1945, April 12: President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies at Warm Springs, Georgia.
• 1945, May 8: Victory in Europe, V-E Day.
• 1945, July 16; World's first atomic bomb detonated at Trinity bomb site southern New Mexico
• 1945, September 2: Victory over Japan, V-J Day Japanese sign surrender terms aboard battleship Missouri (BB-63).
  
• 1947; Alleged crash of UFO near Roswell, NM.
• 1948; Native Americans win the right to vote in elections.
• 1950; Uranium discovered.
• 1950 - 1953; The Korean War is fought in Korea.
• 1954; U.S. Supreme Court decides in Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka that "separate" schools cannot be "equal." This paved the way for desegregation and the civil rights movement.
• 1980, February 2 and 3; Deadliest prison riot in U. S. occurred at New Mexico State Penitentiary.
• 1982; Space shuttle Columbia landed at Holloman Air Force Base.
• 1998; New Mexico celebrated Cuarto Centenario, 400th anniversary of its founding.
• 2000, July 25; Valles Caldera National Preserve established.
• 2005; 11.65% of state's employment was derived directly or indirectly from military spending.
• 2008; New Mexico had highest poverty rate in US.
• 2009, March 19; Death penalty abolished in New Mexico.